Tempest is a 1981 arcade game by Atari Inc., designed and programmed by Dave Theurer. ...

Tempest was one of the first games to use Atari's Color-QuadraScan vector display technology.

wikipedia

Tempest vs Tempest The Making and Remaking of Atari's Iconic Video Game https://github.com/mwenge/TempestVsTempest

The Secret Life of Vector Generators by Jed Margolin https://www.jmargolin.com/vgens/vgens.htm

Tempest: Detailed theory of operation by Nicholas Sayer https://www.kfu.com/~nsayer/games/tempest.html

Service manual, schematics: Cabaret Cocktail

Nowadays, we can use an emulator to run the game MAME - Arcade game emulator

Very interesting explanation: Atari's Quadrascan Explained - Retro Game Mechanics Explained